• Eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) resident 1)
• Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus) Sep. 2)
• Bonelli’s Eagle (Aquila fasciatus) resident 3)
• Iberian Green Woodpecker (Picus sharpei) resident 4)
• Bee-eater (Merops apiaster) Mar.-Sep. 5)
• Ring Ouzel (Turdus torquatus) Oct.-Apr. 6)
• Golden Oriole (Oriolus oriolus) Apr.-Sept. 7)
• Alpine Accentor (Prunella collaris) Oct.-Mar. 8)
• Dartford Warbler (Sylvia undata) resident 9)
• Sardinian Warbler (Sylvia melanocephala) resident 10)
• Melodious Warbler (Hippolais polyglotta) Apr. -Sep.
• Woodchat Shrike (Lanius senator) Mar.-Sep.
• Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus) Sep. 2)
• Bonelli’s Eagle (Aquila fasciatus) resident 3)
• Iberian Green Woodpecker (Picus sharpei) resident 4)
• Bee-eater (Merops apiaster) Mar.-Sep. 5)
• Ring Ouzel (Turdus torquatus) Oct.-Apr. 6)
• Golden Oriole (Oriolus oriolus) Apr.-Sept. 7)
• Alpine Accentor (Prunella collaris) Oct.-Mar. 8)
• Dartford Warbler (Sylvia undata) resident 9)
• Sardinian Warbler (Sylvia melanocephala) resident 10)
• Melodious Warbler (Hippolais polyglotta) Apr. -Sep.
• Woodchat Shrike (Lanius senator) Mar.-Sep.
• Wryneck (Jynx torquilla) Apr.-Oct.
• Blue Rock-thrush (Monticola solitarius) resident
• Iberian Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus ibericus) Feb. -Sep.
• Orphean Warbler (Sylvia hortensis) Apr.-Aug.
• Red-rumped Swallow (Hirundo daurica) Mar. -Oct.
• Black Kite (Milvus migrans) Mar.-Aug.
• Hoopoe (Upupa epops) resident
• Red-necked Nightjar (Caprimulgus ruficollis) Apr. -Sep.
• Subalpine Warbler (Sylvia cantillans) Feb. -Oct
• Scops-owl (Otus scops) Mar.-Sept.
• Alpine Swift (Tachymarptis melba) Mar. -Sep.
• Blue Rock-thrush (Monticola solitarius) resident
• Iberian Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus ibericus) Feb. -Sep.
• Orphean Warbler (Sylvia hortensis) Apr.-Aug.
• Red-rumped Swallow (Hirundo daurica) Mar. -Oct.
• Black Kite (Milvus migrans) Mar.-Aug.
• Hoopoe (Upupa epops) resident
• Red-necked Nightjar (Caprimulgus ruficollis) Apr. -Sep.
• Subalpine Warbler (Sylvia cantillans) Feb. -Oct
• Scops-owl (Otus scops) Mar.-Sept.
• Alpine Swift (Tachymarptis melba) Mar. -Sep.
Common Bird Species | Rocha da Pena Trail
PLEASE NOTE: this list is not extensive;
• Chaffinch: Fringilla coelebs —-• Common Cuckoo: Cuculus canorus —-• Eurasian Jay: Garrulus glandarius —-• European Greenfinch: Carduelis chloris —-• European Crested Tit: Lophophanes cristatus —-• European Turtle-dove: Streptopelia turtur —-• Goldfinch: Carduelis carduelis —-• Great Spotted Woodpecker: Dendrocopos major —-• Grey Wagtail: Motacilla cinerea —-• Lesser Spotted Woodpecker: Dendrocopos minor —-• Little Egret: Egretta garzetta —-• Little Owl: Athene noctua —-• Long-tailed Tit: Aegithalos caudatus —-• Northern Goshawk: Accipiter gentilis —-• Peregrine Falcon: Falco peregrinus —-• Raven: Corvus corax —-• Redstart: Phoenicurus phoenicurus —-• Red Kite: Milvus milvus —-• Serin: Serinus serinus —-• Sparrowhawk: Accipiter nisus —-• Woodlark: Lullula arborea
Featured Animal | Rocha da Pena Trail

Featured Plants | Rocha da Pena Trail

Orchids (found across the plateau and along the south face)
- Yellow Bee Orchid (Ophrys lutea): early February to mid-May;
- Bee Orchid (Ophrys apifera): mid-March to mid-June;
- Sawfly Orchid (Ophrys tenthredinifera): late January to mid-May;
- Mirror Orchid (Ophrys speculum): mid-February to mid-May;
- Bumblebee Orchid (Ophrys bombyliflora): mid-February to early May;
- Lusitanian Orchid (Ophrys lusitanica): mid-February to mid-May;
- Woodcock Orchid (Ophrys scolopax): mid-February to mid-May;
- Italian Orchid (Orchis italica): mid-February to early May;
- Early Purple Orchid (Orchis mascula): mid-February to late June;
Daffodils (found across the plateau and along the south face)
- Narcissus calcicola: late December to mid-April;
- Narcissus papyraceus: late November to mid-April;
- Narcissus gaditanus: mid-January to mid-March;
Other relevant species (plateau and south face)
- Scilla peruviana (Portuguese Squill) : mid-February to mid-May;
- Lavandula latifolia (Portuguese Lavender / Spike Lavender): June-September;
- Bellevalia hackelii: mid-february to mid-April;
- Allium pruinatum: mid-May to mid-August (also found along the north face);
Other relevant species (northeast plateau / part of the north face)
- Paeonia broteri: mid-February to late June;
- Erica lusitanica (Portuguese Heath / Spanish Heath): late November to early April;
Image top right: Olaf Leillinger